Evaluation of Educational Programs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Evaluation of Educational Programs - Essay Example Other schools rule out students from justice system for children so as to avoid educating the students with special needs who could gain from remaining in school if these educators could have recognized the potentials and address their mental, behavioral, emotional, and development needs. Violation of the rights of students under the act of disabled individuals to get free education is an indirect effort to re-segregate schools through ruling out students based on their culture, ethnicity, linguistic traits and disabilities. It is a high time for schools which do not implement the zero reject placement to start adopting this policy. Faulty lies are not in act of disabled individuals but in systems with inadequate capacities and poor administrative skills. The disabled individual act requires all disabled students to be located in their respective district schools and make sure that they get free and suitable public education. Under this law no child should be denied public education irrespective of his or her disability. The state was to satisfy the provision of free education to the students with disabilities, giving them personalized instructions accompanied with proper supporting services allowing the disabled student to gain educationally using the instructions. These services and instruction were to meet educational regulations as provided by the state. They were to be made available at the expense of the public and be closely similar to grade levels applied in normal education. The instructions were to be formulated in agreement with the Act of disabled individual and in case educating a child in a normal classroom, the instructions were to be carefully looked into to allow a child to acquire the average marks and progress from one level to another. Additionally, the cost of educating a highly retarded student was too high because it required a lot of effort and many educational staff members; the population of highly retarded students was very small as c ompared with whole population of students; the educational advancement of the highly retarded students was very slow compared with other students' progress. Therefore, maximizing total satisfaction would fail following the above positions, through provision of special education to highly retarded students. Alternatively, the positions above would advise the usage of special needs funds on educating other children (Turnbull, A., Turnbull, R., & Wehmeyer, 2010). Least selective environment placement The second placement is least selective environment: this is where the disabled students should be taught by the non disabled students and should gain access to curriculum. The classrooms which contain both the non disabled and the disabled students should provide appropriate and useful environment for students who have disabilities. Moreover, normal students should know that the incapacitated learners are worthy individuals in the classrooms. It is evident that if the disabled students ar e involved in typical education, they can develop and learn more. A particular student with disability may be ignored from the typical curriculum due to the degree of his or her disability; the act of disabled individuals enables the student to get services whether from outside or inside the typical education. The educators' lack of capacity and will are the two things that limit them from following this principle. The act of individuals who have disabil

A Focus on the Case of Sole Remaining supplier Essay

A Focus on the Case of Sole Remaining supplier - Essay Example In some cases, the subject of upholding ethics has only resulted in dilemmas with far reaching implications. Such is a situation of the case ‘Sole Remaining Supplier’. The case describes a heart pacemaker technology; though it is a marvelous device, it also raises ethical questions. The device has the capability of making automatic adjustments depending on the deviations from normal heartbeats. The device has the ability of stimulating heartbeats in the cases of abnormal pulse rates. However, during its developmental course, the device was marred by certain limitations. Despite the fact that the incidences occurred several decades back, the device is subject to relevant ethical questions. This paper considers a scenario where the pacemaker technology is gaining momentum despite its inherent weaknesses and regular failures that cause death. Later, the technology raises concerns and prompts reconsideration. Additionally, the device also consists of delicate transistors, th e delicacy of which increases the probability of the device becoming faulty. If the processes of supplying the transistors are halted, people are likely to miss the devices. On the other hand, if the supply process continues, people are likely to be victims of the failed devices. A decision has to be made eventually. The crucial question then is what course of action a transistor supplier should take. Utilitarian issues in the case Utilitarianism refers to the ethical theory which postulates that taking an appropriate course of action increases the chances of perfection. Its moral worthiness is based on the consequences of actions (Rawls, 2011). Proponents of this theory are J.S. Mill and Jeremy Bentham. Utilitarianism may be considered as an ethical approach that is quantitative and reductionistic. It considerably differs from other ethical theories such as deontological ethics, virtue ethics, pragmatic ethics and other consequantialist approaches. While deontological ethics differ from utilitarianism in their disregard for consequantialism, pragmatic, virtue and other consequantialist ethics differ from utilitarianism through their considerable regard of character as an aspect that determines the achievement of pleasurable ethical results. Utilitarianism is arguably the greatest principle that allows achieving happiness and felicity. Even so, the practicability of utilitarianism has not been without shortcomings, such as not accounting adequately for moral concepts such as promise and justice. This had prompted some changes in the theory to iron out the shortcomings. When an individual encounters a situation which requires him or her to make a choice, he or she should first hold back, weigh the situation in terms of appropriate choices, considering the consequences of each choice. On determining the choice that will yield the pleasurable outcomes, one can then proceed to take the course of action, and this could be applicable to the Sole Supplier case. Utili tarian elements that are presented in the case concern obligations, ethics for common good, action consequences, moral good and conflicting interests. For a business rising from scratches, some models of corporate social responsibility emphasize the primacy of the corporation’s economic responsibility to stick to survival while making profits. Other responsibilities, such as abiding by ethical activities that are discretionary, are not a priority (Sun, 2010). Other approaches hold that ethics should come first, so corporations should consider conforming to ethical and legal standards as the most important aspect. In this case, it does not matter whether a business is competitive or not; businesses could still maintain competitiveness or become competitive even while